Precision Medicine: Pioneering Advances in Molecular Oncology and Therapy in Colorectal Cancer

Background and aim: Pioneering advances in molecular oncology and therapy have played a pivotal role in advancing our understanding and treatment of colorectal cancer. This paper provides an overview of the significant advancements in molecular oncology and therapy specifically tailored for colorectal cancer.
Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted to gather insights into genomic profiling, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and liquid biopsies, focusing on personalized treatment approaches. The review emphasizes recent pioneering advances, their impact on patient outcomes, and the evolving landscape of precision medicine in colorectal cancer.
Results: Targeted therapies, particularly anti-EGFR agents, and immune checkpoint inhibitors like PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors, show promise in treating colorectal cancer, especially in patients with specific genetic mutations, microsatellite instability (MSI), or high tumor mutational burden (TMB). Immunotherapeutic approaches, such as cancer vaccines and CAR-T cell therapy, hold potential for enhancing immune responses against colorectal cancer cells. Additionally, analyzing circulating tumor DNA and biomarkers in blood samples provides real-time information on tumor dynamics, aiding treatment decisions and detecting minimal residual disease. These advancements offer hope for improved outcomes in colorectal cancer patients.
Conclusion: In conclusion, molecular oncology and therapy have advanced significantly, enhancing our understanding and management of colorectal cancer. Genomic profiling, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and liquid biopsies have enabled personalized treatment approaches, improving outcomes and quality of life for patients. Ongoing research and collaboration are crucial for further progress and the development of more effective interventions for this prevalent malignancy.