Innovations in Oncology Research: A Molecular Perspective on Cancer Genetics and Treatment

Background and aim: Cancer initiation involves molecular events transforming normal cells into cancerous ones, paving the way for precision oncology. The global cancer burden is rising due to factors like population growth, aging, environmental exposures, and climate change. Genetic cancer, caused by inherited gene mutations, necessitates genetic testing for personalized strategies. Cancer genomes are characterized by DNA alterations affecting proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA methylation, leading to gene deregulation and abnormal expression. These insights offer targets for research and therapy in the complex disease of cancer.
Methods: A systematic search on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using keywords "oncology," "molecular," and "genetic cancer" yielded 38 relevant articles published in English after 2000. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze these papers, extracting key information on oncology, molecular, and genetic aspects of cancer research. The review offers a comprehensive overview of the field, summarizing significant molecular and genetic alterations, diagnostic approaches, therapeutic strategies, and their implications for cancer management.
Results: Several studies provide valuable insights into cancer genetics, emphasizing the significance of genetic aberrations in tumor development and the potential for personalized treatments. Advanced technologies and analytical approaches play a crucial role in understanding cancer and identifying therapeutic targets. Furthermore, the interplay between genetic and epigenetic mechanisms and the importance of RNA modifications are highlighted as key factors in cancer research. These studies contribute to our understanding of cancer genetics, molecular pathogenesis, and the need for improved diagnostics and therapies. The perspectives of oncology, molecular biology, and cancer genetics are interconnected, driving advancements in research and treatment for better patient outcomes.
Conclusion: Oncology, molecular, and genetic cancer research have advanced our understanding of cancer biology, aiding in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Key molecular and genetic alterations have been identified, leading to targeted therapies and personalized medicine. These discoveries have the potential to revolutionize cancer management, but unanswered questions remain. Future studies should focus on genetic-environmental interactions, immune response, early detection, and novel therapeutic targets to overcome resistance and improve outcomes.