Investigation of Biological Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Placenta Tissue

Background and Aim: Much information has been provided on the biological properties of MSCs. Investigation of biological properties and biological properties of placenta-derived mesenchymal cells is very limited, especially at the molecular level. Accordingly, the present study deals with the properties of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells at the cellular and molecular levels.
Method: In this experimental-in-vitro study placental tissue was obtained from 30 women (mean age 20-40) and maintained in standard conditions. Cells were cultured after explantation using explant method. Biological characteristics including surface markers, the ROS system, and apoptosis were determined to investigate the properties of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at the cellular and molecular levels. Surface markers were measured using flow cytometry. The expression of specific markers indicative of mesenchymal stem cells, such as CD73, CD90, and CD105, was assessed. To evaluate the ROS system, the levels of reactive oxygen species in the placenta-derived MSCs were measured using fluorometric assays. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis using t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: The analysis of surface markers confirmed the mesenchymal nature of the cells and their ability for self-renewal and differentiation. The well-regulated ROS system observed in these cells suggests their potential for various cellular processes. Additionally, the low levels of apoptosis indicate the robustness and viability of placenta-derived MSCs for potential therapeutic applications.
Conclusion: Overall, the findings of this study contribute to the understanding of placenta-derived MSCs and their potential utility in regenerative medicine and cell-based therapies. Further investigations are warranted to explore their specific differentiation capabilities, their therapeutic efficacy in various disease models, and their potential for immunomodulatory effects.